爱德华·马奈(Edouard Manet)

艺术家: 爱德华·马奈

生于: 1832年1月23日；法国巴黎

卒于: 1883年4月30日；法国巴黎

流派: 现实主义,印象派

领域: 绘画,版画

受影响: 古斯塔夫·库尔贝,埃尔·格列柯,卡拉瓦乔,欧仁·德拉克罗瓦

影响: 爱德华·霍珀,列宾,保罗·高更,埃德加·德加,皮耶尔·奥古斯特·雷诺阿,Louise Abbéma

朋友: 贝尔特·摩里索特,亨利·方丹·拉图尔,克劳德·莫奈,埃德加·德加,卡罗勒斯·杜兰

爱德华·马奈是现实主义向印象主义过渡时期的关键人物，他在艺术界留下了自己独特的烙印。小时候，他的父亲是一名法官，希望他从事法律职业，但他的叔叔认识到爱德华的才能，鼓励他对艺术的兴趣，经常带他去卢浮宫。直到马奈两次法国海军入学考试不及格，他父亲才迁就了他儿子的意愿，让他在学术画家托马斯·考特手下开始上美术课，托马斯考特让他抄袭了卢浮宫大师的作品。这位年轻艺术家也受到了弗兰斯·哈尔斯、委拉斯开兹和Francisco Goya的影响。1856，三十岁的时候，Manet开了自己的工作室。他开始以准现实主义风格绘画，当他遇到画家贝瑞·莫里索特时，这种风格就转变为印象主义风格，贝瑞·莫里索特让他接触到她的印象主义画家朋友圈子，包括克劳德·莫奈、皮埃尔-奥古斯特·雷诺阿和埃德加·德加，以及他们的平纹空气画技术。马奈的许多作品都围绕着休闲活动的描写展开，包括观察各个阶层的社会生活，从资产阶级的赛马到妓女的酗酒，再到巴黎的街头和划船的场景，其中许多都是由现场的素描创作的。虽然他的作品具有印象主义色彩，但他拒绝涉及任何特定的绘画风格，因此他宁愿将他的作品呈现在巴黎沙龙，而不愿参加许多印象派展览会。1875年，埃德加·爱伦·坡的《乌鸦》全书版收录了他的一些作品，1881年，他被法国政府授予荣誉军团。马奈因坏疽截肢左脚11天后死于梅毒和风湿病的并发症，在导致他死亡的岁月中，这些并发症严重到造成部分瘫痪。

Artist :Edouard Manet

Additional Name :Édouard Manet

Born : Paris, France

Died : Paris, France

Art Movement :Realism,Impressionism

Field :painting,printmaking

Influenced by :gustave-courbet,el-greco,caravaggio,eugene-delacroix

Influenced on :edward-hopper,ilya-repin,paul-gauguin,edgar-degas,pierre-auguste-renoir,louise-abbema

Friends and Co-workers :berthe-morisot,henri-fantin-latour,claude-monet,edgar-degas,carolus-duran

A pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism, Edouard Manet was an influential painter who left his own unique mark on the art world. As a child, his father was a judge, who wanted him to pursue a career in law, but his uncle, recognizing little Edouard’s talents, encouraged his interest in art, often taking him the Louvre. It was not until Manet failed two entrance exams into the French Navy that his father relented to his son’s wishes and allowed him to start art lessons under the academic painter Thomas Couture, who had him copy the works of the great masters in the Louvre. The young artist was also influenced by Frans Hals, Diego Velazquez, and Francisco Goya.

In 1856, in his early thirties, Manet opened his own studio. He began painting in a quasi-realist style, which transitioned to a more Impressionist style when he met the painter Berthe Morisot, who exposed him to her circle of Impressionist painter friends, including Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Edgar Degas, and their plein air painting techniques. Many of Manet’s works revolved around depictions of leisure activities, including observations of social life in all of the classes, from bourgeois horse racing to prostitutes drinking, to the streets of Paris and boating scenes, many of which were made from sketches done on the spot.

Although his work was Impressionistic, he resisted involvement with any specific style of painting, and thus preferred to present his works to the Salon of Paris rather than the many Impressionist Exhibitions. In 1875, some of his paintings were included in a book-length edition of Edgar Allen Poe’s The Raven and in 1881, he was awarded the Legion of Honor by the French government. Manet died eleven days after the amputation of his left foot due to gangrene, from complications of syphilis and rheumatism, which had been so bad as to cause partial paralysis in the years leading up to his death.